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Alcohol use disorders among chronic pain patients prescribed oral opioid analgesics

Meredith Y. Smith, MPA, PhD1, J. David Haddox, DDS, MD1, Liisa Palmer2, and Jay Margolis2. (1) Risk Management and Health Policy, Purdue Pharma L.P., One Stamford Forum, Stamford, CT 06901, (2) MEDSTAT, P.O. Box 71716, Chicago, IL 60694

Concomitant use of alcohol and prescription opioids is risky, especially for patients using modified-release (MR) products as ethanol may compromise some delivery systems, causing “dose dumping.” The study purpose was to determine the prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) among chronic pain patients dispensed oral opioid analgesics (OOAs).Data on demographics, inpatient, ED, outpatient and outpatient prescription drug utilization were obtained from: (1) a commercial healthcare claims (CHC) (23.3M lives); and (2) Medicare Supplemental (MS) (2.7M lives). A list of chronic pain (CP) conditions was identified using ICD-9-CM codes. Inclusion criteria were: 18+ years; 1+ chronic pain diagnosis 7 days prior to an OOA prescription; 2+ chronic pain-related outpatient visits 90+ days apart; and 6 months of continuous enrollment post-index date between 01/01/99-06/30/05. Index date was defined as date of first OOA prescription dispensed with a chronic pain-related medical visit within prior 7 days. AUD was defined as any in-/outpatient visit in which alcohol abuse, dependence, or alcohol-induced disorders were cited. Percentage of patients meeting AUD criteria: 1.3% (CHC), and 0.67% (MS). AUD patients were predominantly male (CHC: 63%, MS: 63%, p<0.0001 all comparisons) and younger (mean age: CHC: 45.6 AUD vs. 47.2 non-AUD; MS: 70.8 vs. 73.8, p<0.0001, all comparisons). Of those taking MR OOAs, mean number inpatient/ED admissions involving opioid overdose was: 12.0 AUD vs. 9.9 non-AUD, CHC (p<0.10); and 14.0 AUD vs. 8.8 non-AUD, MS (p<0.2). A small percentage of CP patients dispensed OOAs had concurrent alcohol abuse-related disorders. This number likely underestimates the total number of CP patients using alcohol and OOAs together. Patients dispensed MR OOAs who abused alcohol trended towards higher healthcare utilization.